| HOME |
IDP
Masters in Leadership
Shelley Bacon
Cohort 2003
| My Journey: Where the Journey Began |
One of my first experiences in leadership came
in second grade. As many kids have in lower elementary
school, we had a “group” of kids who hung out together at recess. At the tender
age of seven or eight, we tended to stick with those of our same genetic code
– the girls and guys seemed to have more of an antagonistic relationship than
a congenial one. As the “leader” of our gang of girls, I had instituted a
policy that went something like, “If the boys don’t leave us alone, we’ll
kiss them.” One infamous day a young lad decided to press his luck and continued
to harass (probably chase!) us. My eight year old psyche reasoned something
like this: “If I don’t follow through on what we said, the boys will never
leave us alone again!” It was a matter of integrity; I had to keep my word.
After a short peck on the cheek, the offending child scampered away, and the
girls felt a sense of triumph.
The next memorable experience in leadership came
in the 6th grade. We had a particularly dull teacher that year.
A stellar example of her lack of quick wit was an incident that occurred in
spelling class one day. An enterprising student asked her how to spell a spelling
word, which she proceeded to do, letter by letter. The only problem was, we
were in the middle of a spelling test at the time! The incident that stood
out in my mind, however, centered around the reading of a particular book
during our
Further leadership opportunities opened up to
me throughout the years, including class office, ASB office, and more recently,
many church offices and other duties. The course that began in childhood has
continued to this day.
| My Vision: Who I am and What I Believe |
Life is exciting Þ life is all about learning Þ learning is exciting! I have always loved learning, and ever since first grade I have wanted to be a teacher. It is my distinct privilege to incorporate my love of life with my love of learning into the best profession in the world: A teacher!
Every experience in life can be a gift, when viewed through grateful and seasoned eyes. The gift expands through the input of other people; their experience, their wisdom, their knowledge, becomes food for thought and a potential for greater learning. Other people give us the gift of insight into our souls; we bounce ourselves and our ideas off of them, helping us form a basis for reality. Those people closest to us - our family members - give us the gift of understanding the depth of emotions, the fullness of life; they help us bare our soul, stripping away all pretenses and external forces, exposing our true selves, our innermost values.
| My Goals: What I want to do with my gifts and my education |
| My Plan: How I will accomplish my goals |
| Project: Curriculum Writing |
This project
will demonstrate the following competencies:
*Competency 1b: A leader should be an effective teacher/instructor
with skills in various learning strategies, including group processes.
Competency 2a: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in planning and implementing change.
Competency 3a: A leader should be an effective organizer
with skills in organizational development, management, and allocating resources.
*Competency 6f: A leader should be a competent scholar with
a working knowledge of technology and its application.
Description of project:
In the process of
completing the necessary work for my job at AE21, I have written an entire
year of curriculum, integrating English, Bible, and world history, and including
technology and computer skills. This curriculum embraces a number of educational
philosophies, theories, and methods. First, I have used Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe's concept of "backward design" (Understanding by Design)
to create a yearly theme, including a theme song. The backward design concept
is carried through to the unit and weekly level, which is demonstrated by
the concept or "know and do" approach rather than the page number
or chapter approach.
Cooperative learning,
made prominent by Kagan, is widely used in the curriculum. Sometimes the cooperative
learning plan is spelled out in the unit or weekly plans, and other times
it is implemented in the weekly work (a greatly expanded version of the weekly
plan). Pair share, folded line, random call cards, voting, cooperative groups
with assigned - or chosen - roles, and other cooperative learning methods
are employed throughout the year.
Bernice McCarthy's
4MAT instructional methods are widely used in the curriculum. Units, weeks,
and/or concepts are presented with a "connect" piece at the very
onset, and the various learning styles described by McCarthy are attended
to throughout the course of unit, week, or concept. Right-brain and left-brain
focused activities are purposefully included as part of this instructional
method.
Activities throughout
the curriculum are purposely created to meet a wide variety of learning styles.
While many of the students' assignments are technology related, requiring
the use of the computer and some software, some assessments are based on artwork
and other kinesthetic projects. Debate is a favorite activity with the students.
On-camera games and races are another wonderful and innovative assessment
tool incorporated into the curriculum.
William Glasser's
book The Quality School has influenced my thinking and my curriculum
in that I want to make each subject, each concept relevant and exciting to
my students, thereby impelling them toward a love of learning. This educational
philosophy permeates all my thinking and planning for this curriculum.
Finally, my curriculum
addresses my prime goals as a teacher: "Teach them to be thinkers, not mere reflectors
of other men's thoughts" (White, Education pg. 19), and "Teach them to reason from cause to effect" (White, Child
Guidance pg 362)
Documentation:
The yearly curriculum
for AE21 sophomore humanities will be submitted as documentation of the above
stated competencies.
Verification:
Letters from my
instructional manager, my program director, and my educational superintendents
will accompany my curriculum. These letters will verify that I have created
the curriculum and that it meets or exceeds their expectations for excellence.
Reflection:
How have the educational
theories influenced my curriculum writing? What additional sources or theories
would blend well with this type of online curriculum planning? Who are the
experts in online education and how do my practices and methods align with
theirs?
| Project: KEEP Marketing (Kids Educational Endowment and Scholarship Program) |
Competency 2a: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in planning and implementing change.
*Competency 2c: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in public relations.
Description of project:
KEEP, or Kids Educational
Endowment and Scholarship Program, is part of a 10 year capital campaign for
the Upper Columbia Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. I have been a member
of the administrative board since 2001 and have served as the marketing chairperson.
As such, I have written several articles for the Gleaner, a publication for the members of the
Documentation:
Copies of the Gleaner articles, bulletin inserts, and promotional flyers will be included in
the portfolio. A copy of the video tape will also be included in the documentation.
Verification:
Letters will be
solicited from Patsy Wagner, Development Director for the Upper Columbia Conference,
Max Torkleson, president of the Upper Columbia Conference, Gordon Phifer,
secretary of the Upper Columbia Conference as well as the KEEP board, and
Keith Waters, educational secretary of the Upper Columbia Conference and KEEP
board chair, verifying my proficiency as a board member, a change agent, and
a public relations specialist.
Reflections:
What Biblical, moral,
and financial principals support the concept of an endowment fund for Christian
education? What principles of a competent leader and change agent have been
followed throughout this project? What authorities are there on the subject
of public relations and marketing whose advice, theory, and/or practice would
be helpful to this project?
| Project: Adventist LEAP |
*Competency 2a: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in planning and implementing change.
Competency 3a: A leader should be an effective organizer
with skills in organizational development, management, and allocating resources.
Competency 4a: A leader should be a collaborative consultant
with skills in effective communication.
Competency 5a: A leader should be a reflective researcher
with skills in reading and evaluating research.
Competency 5b: A leader should be a reflective researcher
with skills in conducting research.
Competency 5c: A leader should be a reflective researcher
with skills in reporting research.
Description:
Adventist LEAP,
or Leading Edge Accelerated Program, is a project I am initiating designed
to enable high-achieving Adventist high school junior and seniors to take
online college courses that would fulfill the requirements for their last
two years of academy as well as form the basis for their first two years of
college. Organization of this program includes utilizing phone contacts, email
communication, personal meetings, presentation, my master’s research (documentation,
review of current literature, surveys and focus groups), and other various
means to form, organize, and communicate this program. As this program becomes
accepted and well-known, a significant change will take place in the delivery
of Adventist education in the NAD.
Documentation:
All email and snail
mail communication will be saved; notes from phone conversations will be documented.
The concept paper and flow chart, rough draft, final draft, and drafts for
various organizations (ADEC, secondary NAD education directors) will be included.
The research paper in its many stages will be included in digital format.
Verification:
As awareness and
acceptance of this program becomes more widespread, letters of reference will
be sought from participants in the program, parents of participants, educational
directors at the conference and union level, AVLN board members, and members
of the focus group(s) used in the research. Links to Adventist LEAP on other
Adventist educational web sites will be included (ADEC, NAD Department of
Education, AE21).
Reflection:
What was the reason
the Adventist LEAP program became a burning issue for me? What leadership
skills did I employ when organizing this program from its very inception?
Whose work/what literature was significantly instrumental in helping form
the basis for my actions and the direction in which my research took me? Did
the final project look like the original idea? What changes occurred during
the planning process, and what input initiated/pushed for/required those changes?
What literature/documentation/philosophy supports the changes, or the thought
process of the need for modification based on others’ input and/or additional
research/information?
| Project: Boston Trip |
Competency 3a: A leader should be an effective organizer
with skills in organizational development, management, and allocating resources.
Competency 4a: A leader should be a collaborative consultant
with skills in effective communication.
Description:
During the second
semester of the 2002-2003 school year, I planned and implemented a school
trip to
Documentation:
All email and snail
mail communication will be included; notes from phone conversations will be
scanned or typed. Excel worksheets with various stages of the budget will
be attached. Confirmation letters for educational activities, lodging, and
other arrangements will be scanned and included. Photos and video clips from
the trip will be presented.
Verification:
Students and adults
participating in the trip will be asked to complete a questionnaire about
their experience on the trip. Letters from my administrator and fellow teachers
as well as facilitators who attended the trip verifying my organization abilities
in regards to this trip will be sought and included.
Reflection:
What leadership
skills were utilized in planning and implementing this trip? Who are the authorities
on the necessary skills for organizing, developing, and allocating resources?
How did my work line up with accepted recommendations and practices in leadership?
Did the final outcome meet or exceed expectations?
| Project: AE21 Article for the Journal of Adventist Education |
Competency 4a: A leader should be a collaborative consultant
with skills in effective communication.
Description:
In the summer of
2002 I was asked to write an article for The Journal of Adventist Education
on AE21 Distributed Education for the journal’s special edition on distance
education. I solicited facts, suggestions, and information from my fellow
teachers at AE21 about their areas of expertise. I secured photographs to
illustrate the program and its technology and connectivity components. I wrote
a rough draft and submitted it to Shirley Freed and Marilyn Eggers for review.
Following their suggestions, I made significant additions and resubmitted
it to them as well as to the editor of the journal. After many changes, rearrangements,
and editions, the article was published in the May-June edition of The
Journal of Adventist Education.
Documentation:
All saved versions
of the article will be included in the portfolio. The final version will be
submitted in text form as well as scanned and submitted in digital format.
Verification:
Email communication
regarding this assignment will be copied and included in the portfolio. The
final printed version of the article with my name as the author is the ultimate
verification!
Reflection:
What leadership
skills were exhibited in the planning and writing of this article? What communication
skills came into play during the process? What is the philosophical and Biblical
foundation of collaboration? How were these foundations built upon in both
the process and final outcome?
| Project: Easy Bake Cookie Company |
*Competency 2a: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in planning and implementing change.
Competency 2c: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in public relations.
*Competency 3a: A leader should be an effective organizer
with skills in organizational development, management, and allocating resources.
Competency 4a: A leader should be a collaborative consultant
with skills in effective communication.
Description of project:
In August of 1997,
after spending one year running a company I founded to employ junior academy
students called “Shelley Ann Originals,” I realized that I needed to find
a product that the students could create with less labor coming from an adult,
i.e. me. This led me, through a series of several ideas and events, to create
the “Easy Bake” company. Easy Bake Cookie Mixes could be made almost exclusively
using student labor, thereby accomplishing my goal of providing employment
to junior academy and later academy students, giving them the valuable skill
of a good work ethic while enabling them to earn money for their tuition.
Within three months, the finished product was on the shelves of major grocery
stores in the
Documentation:
All research materials,
copies of labels, sample invoices, product pictures, flyers, health department
documents and other documentation still available will be included in the
portfolio. Sample cookies available upon request!
Verification:
Verification will
come in the form of invoices and letters from companies requesting my product,
letters from employees, and pictures of the product and the display at NAD
teachers’ convention.
Reflections:
What leadership
and/or organizational philosophies or strategies enabled this project to get
started? What specifically could have made it more successful? What resources,
experts, and information were utilized, and which ones could have been used
to the greater good of the company?
| Project: Marketing and Public Awareness |
*Competency 2c: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in public relations.
Competency 4a: A leader should be a collaborative consultant
with skills in effective communication.
Description of project:
After moving to
Documentation:
Clippings of newspapers
articles and pictures will be scanned and included in the portfolio. All available
written communication will be included as well.
Verification:
Letters from the
former principal and the educational superintendent will be solicited to verify
my involvement in marketing and public relations for the school. Community
leaders/members with an awareness of my marketing and public relations will
also be asked to write letters verifying my effectiveness as a communicator
of the activities and the quality of
Reflections:
What philosophical
foundations form the basis of the need for an Adventist school? What qualities
of a leader does it take to effectively market anything? What specific tools
and knowledge is helpful when marketing a religious entity? What thought processes
and/or examples are there in the literature for effective marketing and public
awareness campaigns?
| Project: Work-Study Program |
*Competency 2a: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in planning and implementing change.
Competency 2c: A leader should be a dynamic change agent
with skills in public relations.
Competency 3a: A leader should be an effective organizer
with skills in organizational development, management, and allocating resources.
Description of project:
In the fall of 1993
I began to think about implementation of some wise counsel given by a writer
some 100 years ago. This writer suggested we advocate work in our schools
as a means of not only providing money for tuition but also as a tool for
teaching valuable work skills to our children. I subsequently implemented
a work-study program for the 7th – 10th grade students
at
A major component
of our work study program for three years was the weekly delivery of the local
newspaper by our students. I secured this contract by negotiating with the
owner/editor of the paper, organized the creation of the town’s route, secured
students willing to deliver papers, organized the drivers/supervisors, and
delivered many hundreds of papers myself! The money secured from this project
initially went to purchase needed playground equipment and help finance the
purchase of handbells. Eventually, the money was given directly to the students
for their tuition.
When the job market,
as well as the ownership of formerly supportive businesses changed, and interest
in delivering newspapers waned, this program had to change its focus. I began
two businesses whose purpose was to employ students of
Documentation:
All pertinent documents
that are still available will be included in the portfolio: flyers, pictures
of the work study students in action (from the yearbook), copies of student
resumes, video of career days presentation (Spokane-based pilot for Northwest
Airlines), documentation of judicial permission for minors under 14 to work.
Verification:
Letters from the
former principal and students involved in the work study program will be solicited
verifying my initiation of these programs and participation in these programs.
Additionally, a letter from the owner/editor of the newspaper will be requested
verifying my involvement in and contribution to this project. Other community
businessmen who participated in the original work-study program will be sought
out for written verification.
Reflections:
What philosophical
and Biblical foundations form the basis of the need for work study program
in an Adventist school? Is there any precedent in the literature that suggests
students gain anything other than monetary advantage by working during their
high school years? What leadership qualities were utilized when forming and
implementing this program?
| Project: Additional Classes and Experiences |
·
AVLN classes (Integrating Technology in the Classroom, Active Online Teaching)
·
AU classes (required classes for Masters program)
·
SAU class (4MAT)
IDP
Masters
in Leadership
Shelley
Bacon
Cohort
2003
·
Projects/Classes
·
Documentation/Verification
·
Philosophical Foundations
1b:
An effective teacher/leader with skills in various learning-strategies, including
group processes
Prior knowledge and Experience:
4MAT lesson plans from class
Reflection paper from AVLN Conference
Reflection paper from AVLN ITC
Project from AVLN AOT
Sophomore humanities curriculum 03-04: Yearly
overview, unit plans, weekly plans, weekly work
A reflection paper covering the history and philosophical background of group process, backward design, 4MAT; additional information will be included as I read, take more classes, and interact with my RG and cohort. My philosophical foundation will answer the following questions: How have the educational theories influenced my curriculum writing? What additional sources or theories would blend well with this type of online curriculum planning? Who are the experts in online education and how do my practices and methods align with theirs?
2a: A dynamic change agent with skills in planning and implementing change
Projects/Classes
Prior knowledge and Experience:
KEEP Board meeting minutes
Research paper: Adventist LEAP concepts
Business summary for Easy Bake
Reflection paper for work study program; pictures
of students working; letters from community business people, former work study
students, church and school members
Coursework/reflection papers for issues in leadership
theory and issues in leadership foundations
Sophomore humanities curriculum 03-04: Yearly
overview, unit plans, weekly plans, weekly work
Letters from my instructional manager and others
who are entrusted with curriculum quality issues
Newspaper articles, copies of programs, flyers,
PR material
Three reflection papers from Issues in Leadership Theory; Required papers/coursework for Issues in Leadership Foundations; The foundational underpinnings of the philosophy behind a leader being a change agent will be documented through reading, understanding, and quoting experts in the area of leadership at it relates to planning, organizing, and implementing change. Additional information will be included as I read, take more classes, and interact with my RG and cohort.
2c: A dynamic change agent with skills in public relations.
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Reflection papers for Issues in Leadership Foundations class
Newspaper articles, copies of flyers, overview
of programs implemented
Business summary for Easy Bake
Gleaner
articles, bulletin inserts, letters
of reference from Board chair and other board members
Documentation of marketing and public relations
for work study program and Easy Bake Cookie Company
Research paper for Adventist LEAP
Letters from community business people
Letters from administrative leaders (Adventist
LEAP)
Required papers/coursework for Issues in Leadership Foundations
Reflective paper of research on/reading about the foundations of leadership as they relate to initiating change through public relations, answering such questions as: How does and should a leader utilize public relations to initiate change? How have my previous public relation projects modeled these philosophies/methods? What changes can I make as a leader to be more effective in the area of public relations, based on the new knowledge of leadership foundations I have secured through reading and research?
Additional information will be included as I read, take more classes, and interact with my RG and cohort.
3a:
An effective organizer with skills in organizational development, management,
and allocating resources.
Projects/Classes
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Current/proposed Experience:
Sophomore humanities curriculum 03-04: Yearly
overview, unit plans, weekly plans, weekly work
Excel spreadsheets showing initial and final
budgeting for Boston trip for 80 participants
Notes, pictures, budget for wedding
Budgets and financial statements from Colville
Valley Junior Academy
Development plan for Adventist LEAP
Required papers/coursework for Issues in Leadership Theory
Philosophical foundation for curriculum writing using 4MAT, backward design, cooperative learning (group process), and concepts from The Quality School
Reflective paper: philosophy of organizational development,
management, and allocating resources section, answering such questions as:
What leadership skills were utilized
in planning and implementing the projects listed above? Who are the authorities
on the necessary skills for organizing, developing, and allocating resources?
How did my work line up with accepted recommendations and practices in leadership?
Did the final outcome meet or exceed expectations?
4a:
A collaborative consultant with skills in effective communications
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Current/proposed
Experience:
Email and other communication (Adventist LEAP)
Communication with students, facilitators, staff;
communication with vendors, tour guides, transportation people, etc. (Boston
trip)
Marketing letters for Easy Bake
Newspaper articles, copies of flyers, overview
of programs implemented
Overview of presentations for AVLN conferences
Videos of teaching on videoconferencing camera
system for AE21
Copies of email, IM, and snail mail communication
with students, parents, facilitators, staff at AE21; phone logs
Research paper on Adventist LEAP
Reflection paper: philosophy of leadership and effective communications section answering such questions as: What leadership skills were exhibited in the planning and writing of these various communication items? What communication skills came into play during the process? What leadership types facilitate good communication between leader and follower? How is servant leadership affected by and/or dependent upon good communication?
5a:
A reflective researcher with skills in reading and evaluating research
Projects/Classes
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Current/proposed
Experience:
Reflection paper about process of finding information
for “Writing for Literature” class
Literature review: research, papers, web sites,
books about dual enrollment/dual credit programs
Reflection paper: Philosophy of Leadership and research
section answering such questions as, What is the responsibilities of a leader
to read literature without bias, to assimilate information, and to evaluate
information for relevance and reliability? What leader skills are implemented
in this process?
5b:
A reflective researcher with skills in conducting research.
Projects/Classes
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Current/proposed
Experience:
Surveys, interviews, compiled information from
research conducted for Adventist LEAP thesis paper
Research paper on Adventist LEAP
Reflection
paper: Philosophy of Leadership and research section answering such questions
as, How do leaders conduct research? What leadership/management skills encourage/foster
cooperation with subjects of the research? What methods of persuasion can/should
be employed? What leadership –based relational skills will facilitate cooperation?
5c:
A reflective researcher with skills in reporting research.
Prior knowledge and Experience:
Current/proposed
Experience:
Completed research paper: Adventist LEAP
Research paper on Adventist LEAP
Thesis paper: Philosophy of Leadership and research section answering such questions as, What leadership philosophies are utilized and recognized as contributing to the successful finishing of a thesis paper and research project? What theories/methods are used when reporting research in order to accurately reflect the information gleaned?
6b: A competent scholar with a working knowledge of leadership foundations.
Projects/Classes
Current/proposed Experience:
Reflection paper about leadership seminar experience
Required coursework/papers for Issues in Leadership Theory
Required coursework/papers for Issues in Leadership Foundations
Reflection paper: personal worldview philosophy in comparison to/contrast with other worldviews of leaders and other theorists.
6f: A competent scholar with a working knowledge of technology and its application.
Current/proposed Experience:
Sophomore humanities curriculum 03-04: Yearly
overview, unit plans, weekly plans, weekly work
Digital Portfolio (available on the web)
Flash program for portfolio, AE21, and/or wedding
Letters from participants in AVLN Conference
presentations
Copies of email and IM communication verification:
AE21 staff, facilitators, students, parents
Archived video of videoconference class for
sophomore humanities at AE21
Reflection paper about experience teaching AVLN Integrating Technology into the Classroom
Reflection paper: Philosophy of Leadership and technology section, answering such questions as, What leadership theories suggest the need for a leader’s need for a working knowledge of technology? How can an effective use of technology enhance the effectiveness of a leader?
Course Plan:
Shelley Bacon
Masters in Leadership
2003 Cohort
|
Course Number |
Credits |
Course Name |
Semester |
Total Credits |
Competencies |
|||||||||
|
1b |
2a |
2c |
3a |
4a |
5a |
5b |
5c |
6b |
6f |
|||||
|
EDCI 565 |
3 |
Trends in Education: 4MAT (Transfer credits: SAU) |
Summer 2002 |
11 |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LEAD 636 |
2 |
AVLN Conference (Transfer credits: AU) |
Summer 2003 |
√ |
|
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
LEAD 690 |
2 |
AVLN ITC: Integrating Technology into the Classroom |
Summer 2003 |
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
LEAD 630 |
4 |
Leadership Seminar |
Summer 2003 |
√ |
√ |
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
LEAD 690 |
2 |
ALVN AOT: Active Online Teaching |
Fall 2003 |
14 |
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
LEAD 690 |
2 |
Curriculum Design |
Fall 2003 |
√ |
√ |
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
LEAD 635 |
4 |
IDP |
Fall 2003 |
|
|
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LEAD 638 |
2 |
Issues in Leadership Theory |
Fall 2003 |
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
LEAD 690 |
2 |
Independent Study:(Freed) (Substitute for LEAD 637) |
Fall 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
LEAD 675 |
2 |
Organizational Change (Adventist LEAP) |
Fall 2003 |
|
√ |
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LEAD 636 |
2 |
Issues in Leadership Foundations |
Spring 2004 |
11 |
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
LEAD 675 |
2 |
Managing Public Awareness |
Spring 2004 |
|
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LEAD 698 |
3 |
Research: Current Practices and Need for Change |
Spring 2004 |
|
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
|
LEAD 675 |
2 |
Online Communication |
Spring 2004 |
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
LEAD 675 |
2 |
Proficiency Presentation (Portfolio completion
in web format) |
Spring 2004 |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|